Physical Education (Grades K–12)
Subtest 2 Sample Items
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Question 1
1. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing among children and adolescents. In addition to promoting weight loss, a regular program of physical activity can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes among this population by:
- improving the digestive system's ability to break down carbohydrates.
- promoting greater insulin production by the pancreas.
- enhancing the body's ability to convert fats to energy.
- increasing the sensitivity of cells to circulating insulin.
Answer to question 1
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) Students with type 2 diabetes may have too much glucose in their blood, either because their bodies do not produce enough insulin to process glucose or because their bodies cannot use insulin effectively. A regular program of physical activity helps students reduce the risks of the disease by increasing the sensitivity of cells to circulating insulin. As insulin sensitivity is increased, muscle cells are better able to use any available insulin to take up glucose during and after physical activity. In addition, the more glucose that is burned during physical activity, the longer the body's insulin sensitivity is improved.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) Students with type 2 diabetes may have too much glucose in their blood, either because their bodies do not produce enough insulin to process glucose or because their bodies cannot use insulin effectively. A regular program of physical activity helps students reduce the risks of the disease by increasing the sensitivity of cells to circulating insulin. As insulin sensitivity is increased, muscle cells are better able to use any available insulin to take up glucose during and after physical activity. In addition, the more glucose that is burned during physical activity, the longer the body's insulin sensitivity is improved.
Question 2
2. Which of the following body systems produces chemicals that play a key role in regulating mood, growth and development, tissue formation, and metabolism?
- digestive system
- circulatory system
- skeletal system
- endocrine system
Answer to question 2
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, physical growth, sexual development, tissue function, the metabolic function of converting food into energy, and the reproductive processes. The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers that transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. Glands select and remove materials from the blood, process the materials, and secrete the finished chemical products for use in various parts of the body.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating mood, physical growth, sexual development, tissue function, the metabolic function of converting food into energy, and the reproductive processes. The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers that transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. Glands select and remove materials from the blood, process the materials, and secrete the finished chemical products for use in various parts of the body.
Question 3
3. A musculoskeletal movement that pulls a body part toward the midline of the body or toward the midline of a limb, such as dropping the arms to the sides or bringing the knees together, is called:
- adduction.
- pronation.
- abduction.
- supination.
Answer to question 3
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0009) Adduction refers to motion toward the midline of the body. An adductor muscle pulls toward the midline of the body. For example, the adductor longus muscle located in the thigh acts on the femur and pulls the leg toward the midline of the body to draw the legs closer together.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0009) Adduction refers to motion toward the midline of the body. An adductor muscle pulls toward the midline of the body. For example, the adductor longus muscle located in the thigh acts on the femur and pulls the leg toward the midline of the body to draw the legs closer together.
Diagram For Questions 4 and 5
Use the diagram below of the major back muscles to answer the questions that follow.
Number 1 points to the long muscles directly to the left and right of the spine starting at the base of the skull and going down the upper middle back. Number 2 points to a pair of muscles further down the torso, starting at the upper end of the humerus and fan down the vertebral column and pelvic girdle close to the left and right hip.
Question 4
4. Which muscle is indicated by the number 1 in the diagram?
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- posterior deltoid
- erector spinae
Answer to question 4
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0009) The muscle labeled 1 in the diagram is the trapezius, named after its trapezoid shape. The trapezius is a long muscle that originates at the base of the skull and runs down the upper section of the spinal cord. It permits scapular elevation (shrugging), scapular adduction (drawing the shoulder blades together), and scapular depression (pulling the shoulder blades down).
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0009) The muscle labeled 1 in the diagram is the trapezius, named after its trapezoid shape. The trapezius is a long muscle that originates at the base of the skull and runs down the upper section of the spinal cord. It permits scapular elevation (shrugging), scapular adduction (drawing the shoulder blades together), and scapular depression (pulling the shoulder blades down).
Question 5
5. Which of the following actions is a main function of the muscle labeled 2 in the diagram?
- drawing the shoulder blades together
- rotating the arms outward
- lifting the shoulders up
- pulling the arms down or back
Answer to question 5
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) The muscle indicated by the number 2 in the diagram is the latissimus dorsi, the broadest muscle in the back. The "lats" attach to the upper end of the humerus and fan down the vertebral column and pelvic girdle. A primary function of the latissimus dorsi is to pull the arms back or down toward the pelvis, as in the movements required for a pull-up or barbell row.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) The muscle indicated by the number 2 in the diagram is the latissimus dorsi, the broadest muscle in the back. The "lats" attach to the upper end of the humerus and fan down the vertebral column and pelvic girdle. A primary function of the latissimus dorsi is to pull the arms back or down toward the pelvis, as in the movements required for a pull-up or barbell row.
Question 6
6. Recent research involving the structures and functions of the brain shows a relationship between brain health and physical activity. According to research, when children engage in regular aerobic physical activity, their brain changes in which of the following specific ways?
- There is a reduction in the amount of gray matter needed for the brain to complete information processing tasks.
- There is an increase in the number of synapses in the cerebral cortex needed to activate muscle movement, thus fostering more efficient movement.
- The number of blood vessels in the brain is reduced, which enhances oxygen circulation and clarity in thinking.
- The volume of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved with learning and memory, is increased.
Answer to question 6
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) The hippocampus is the part of the brain that responds strongly to aerobic exercise. It is at the core of the brain's learning and memory systems, and there are strong correlations between hippocampal size and memory. Aerobic activity stimulates the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus and promotes hippocampal elasticity, which in turn promotes better memory. Consequently, children who are physically fit tend to have larger hippocampal volumes than children who have poor fitness levels.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0009) The hippocampus is the part of the brain that responds strongly to aerobic exercise. It is at the core of the brain's learning and memory systems, and there are strong correlations between hippocampal size and memory. Aerobic activity stimulates the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus and promotes hippocampal elasticity, which in turn promotes better memory. Consequently, children who are physically fit tend to have larger hippocampal volumes than children who have poor fitness levels.
Question 7
7. A high school student is engaged in a weight-training program using resistance machines. The student is currently able to do three sets of 15 repetitions of a bench press at a particular weight. To most appropriately apply the principle of progressive overload to increase muscular strength, the student should increase the:
- weight by 5–10 percent.
- weight by 20–25 percent.
- number of sets to 8.
- number of repetitions to 30.
Answer to question 7
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0010) A student who is consistently able to do three sets of 15 repetitions of a bench press at a particular weight, and who wants to increase muscular strength, should apply the fitness principle of progressive overload. By slightly increasing the resistance lifted or moved, and hence the load on the muscles, the student can increase arm strength gradually over time doing the same number of repetitions and sets. To exercise safely, general fitness guidelines recommend limiting increases in training intensity (resistance or load), frequency, and duration to no more than 10 percent of current levels at periodic intervals. For adolescents, strength training on two or three non-consecutive days per week is considered sufficient.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0010) A student who is consistently able to do three sets of 15 repetitions of a bench press at a particular weight, and who wants to increase muscular strength, should apply the fitness principle of progressive overload. By slightly increasing the resistance lifted or moved, and hence the load on the muscles, the student can increase arm strength gradually over time doing the same number of repetitions and sets. To exercise safely, general fitness guidelines recommend limiting increases in training intensity (resistance or load), frequency, and duration to no more than 10 percent of current levels at periodic intervals. For adolescents, strength training on two or three non-consecutive days per week is considered sufficient.
Question 8
8. Which of the following physiological adaptations occurs as a result of regular participation in cardiorespiratory endurance activities?
- resting heart rate increases
- maximal stroke volume decreases
- maximal amount of oxygen used during exercise increases
- dilation of arteries leading to working muscles during exercise decreases
Answer to question 8
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0010) Regular endurance training results in several adaptations in the cardiorespiratory system. The heart becomes able to pump more blood per heartbeat, so it does not have to beat as many times per minute to get the same amount of oxygen-rich blood circulating throughout the body. As maximal stroke volume increases, maximal cardiac output increases. Because the maximal amount of blood the heart can pump per minute increases, the maximal amount of oxygen used during exercise, or VO2max, increases.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0010) Regular endurance training results in several adaptations in the cardiorespiratory system. The heart becomes able to pump more blood per heartbeat, so it does not have to beat as many times per minute to get the same amount of oxygen-rich blood circulating throughout the body. As maximal stroke volume increases, maximal cardiac output increases. Because the maximal amount of blood the heart can pump per minute increases, the maximal amount of oxygen used during exercise, or V O subscript 2 max, increases.
Question 9
9. Which of the following scenarios accurately describes an application of the exercise training principle of specificity?
- A student who wishes to increase the strength of his thigh muscles performs leg presses and leg curls every other day.
- A student who jogs varies her jogging route and occasionally includes hills in her routine to prevent boredom.
- A student who wishes to maintain his level of fitness tries to exercise every day, either by playing a sport or by doing calisthenics.
- A student who is overweight walks for 20 minutes a day and plans to build up gradually to 40 minutes a day.
Answer to question 9
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0010) The principle of specificity states that the type of demand placed on the body controls the type of adaption that will occur; in other words, the effect of exercise training is specific to those muscles or body systems involved in the activity. So an individual who wants to strengthen specific muscles, such as the quadriceps and hamstrings of the leg, should engage in strengthening exercises that target those muscles. Leg presses and leg curls specifically target the quadriceps and hamstrings.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0010) The principle of specificity states that the type of demand placed on the body controls the type of adaption that will occur; in other words, the effect of exercise training is specific to those muscles or body systems involved in the activity. So an individual who wants to strengthen specific muscles, such as the quadriceps and hamstrings of the leg, should engage in strengthening exercises that target those muscles. Leg presses and leg curls specifically target the quadriceps and hamstrings.
Question 10
10. At a fitness station, a physical education teacher arranges hoops on the floor in a zigzag pattern to mimic a football tire drill. Students jog or run through the hoops, stepping the left foot in the left hoops and the right foot in the right hoops. Which of the following fitness attributes is this station activity most likely designed to promote?
- flexibility
- muscular strength
- anaerobic power
- agility
Answer to question 10
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0010) One important component of physical fitness is agility—the ability to rapidly change the body's momentum from one direction to another. It is closely associated with quickness and applied in many activities and sports that require cutting, dodging, and zigzag running. The fitness station activity described requires students to perform a series of movements in rapid succession in opposing directions.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0010) One important component of physical fitness is agility—the ability to rapidly change the body's momentum from one direction to another. It is closely associated with quickness and applied in many activities and sports that require cutting, dodging, and zigzag running. The fitness station activity described requires students to perform a series of movements in rapid succession in opposing directions.
Question 11
11. Which of the following types of fitness activities is likely to be most effective for helping students improve their core strength and flexibility?
- target games such as lawn bowling and beanbag toss
- rope climbing activities and individual jump roping
- stability ball exercises and balance board activities
- foot dribbling balls through courses marked by cones
Answer to question 11
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0010) Maintaining the fitness of the core muscles is very important for healthy posture and support of the skeletal system, as well as for balance, stability, and efficient body mechanics. Core strength improves the stability of the pelvis and spine, which enhances balance during movement. Stability ball exercises, such as crunches on the unstable ball, require participants to engage many muscles, especially the core muscles, to maintain balance. This helps build strength and improve stability. Balancing on a balance board and trying to control one's movements on the board also requires participants to engage and tighten the muscles of the abdomen, back, buttocks, and hips, which increases the strength and stability of the core muscles and specifically enhances the flexibility of the erector spinae (lower back muscles) and abdominals.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0010) Maintaining the fitness of the core muscles is very important for healthy posture and support of the skeletal system, as well as for balance, stability, and efficient body mechanics. Core strength improves the stability of the pelvis and spine, which enhances balance during movement. Stability ball exercises, such as crunches on the unstable ball, require participants to engage many muscles, especially the core muscles, to maintain balance. This helps build strength and improve stability. Balancing on a balance board and trying to control one's movements on the board also requires participants to engage and tighten the muscles of the abdomen, back, buttocks, and hips, which increases the strength and stability of the core muscles and specifically enhances the flexibility of the erector spinae (lower back muscles) and abdominals.
Question 12
12. Which of the following fitness assessment tests is typically used to measure hamstring flexibility?
- step test
- back-saver sit and reach
- modified pull-up
- standing long jump
Answer to question 12
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0011) The back-saver sit and reach test is commonly used to measure flexibility of the hamstring muscles, the largest muscles in the human body. This test is important because it can identify potential musculoskeletal risk factors for poor low back health and lower back pain. The test is typically administered with a sit-and-reach box. The student bends one leg with the foot flat on the floor and keeping the hips square, extends the other leg straight out so that the foot is flat against the box. The student reaches forward a few times along a ruler on the box, holding the reach until measured. The student then switches sides.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0011) The back-saver sit and reach test is commonly used to measure flexibility of the hamstring muscles, the largest muscles in the human body. This test is important because it can identify potential musculoskeletal risk factors for poor low back health and lower back pain. The test is typically administered with a sit-and-reach box. The student bends one leg with the foot flat on the floor and keeping the hips square, extends the other leg straight out so that the foot is flat against the box. The student reaches forward a few times along a ruler on the box, holding the reach until measured. The student then switches sides.
Question 13
13. In a high school yoga unit, students practice traditional yoga poses and stretches. Students also practice deep breathing exercises and learn about the role of yoga in creating and maintaining balance between opposing forces or actions, as well as about the history of yoga as a practice of connected mind and body exercises. Which of the following benefits are students most likely to obtain from this instructional unit?
- an improved ability to relax and concentrate when desired
- a reduced need for rest during the day and uninterrupted sleep at night
- a significant increase in cardiorespiratory functioning
- freedom from muscular and joint injuries in daily activities
Answer to question 13
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0011) Through participation in a yoga program, students learn muscular strength and flexibility exercises, postures, and rest poses that stress safe stretching with proper body alignment. These exercises, as well as the paired opposite muscular actions or movements that are typically included in yoga practice, require students to pay attention to the actions of their bodies, thereby promoting focus and concentration. Practicing the deep and deliberate breathing required in yoga also teaches students how to focus their attention on the task at hand and promotes their ability to regulate their body's responses, which aids in relaxation and concentration.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0011) Through participation in a yoga program, students learn muscular strength and flexibility exercises, postures, and rest poses that stress safe stretching with proper body alignment. These exercises, as well as the paired opposite muscular actions or movements that are typically included in yoga practice, require students to pay attention to the actions of their bodies, thereby promoting focus and concentration. Practicing the deep and deliberate breathing required in yoga also teaches students how to focus their attention on the task at hand and promotes their ability to regulate their body's responses, which aids in relaxation and concentration.
Question 14
14. During health-related student fitness testing using FITNESSGRAM® procedures, the curl-up test is used to assess:
- flexibility of the hip flexors and obliques.
- strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles.
- trunk extensor strength and flexibility.
- upper body strength and endurance.
Answer to question 14
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0011) The FITNESSGRAM® curl-up test is used to assess strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles, which are important in promoting good posture, correct pelvic alignment, and low back health. Curl-ups are used because they isolate the abdominal muscles—when done correctly, the exercise minimizes compression of the spine and does not engage the hip flexor muscles, as modified sit-ups do.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0011) The FITNESSGRAM, registered sign, curl-up test is used to assess strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles, which are important in promoting good posture, correct pelvic alignment, and low back health. Curl-ups are used because they isolate the abdominal muscles—when done correctly, the exercise minimizes compression of the spine and does not engage the hip flexor muscles, as modified sit-ups do.
Question 15
15. Use the illustration below to answer the question that follows.
Her left foot is pulled up near her body, such that her left leg makes a mountain shape. She uses both of her arms to pull her right leg, which is almost completely outstretched, towards her body as much as possible
The exercise in the illustration is designed to increase the flexibility of which muscles?
- gastrocnemius and soleus
- quadriceps and erector spinae
- adductors and internal rotators
- hamstrings and gluteal muscles
Answer to question 15
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0011) The exercise in the illustration is commonly known as the lying hamstring stretch. The exercise is performed by lying on the back, lifting one leg up, grasping behind the thigh near the knee with both hands, and pulling the knee toward the chest. The muscles targeted by this stretch are the hamstrings, located in the back of the thigh, and the gluteal muscles, located in the buttocks.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0011) The exercise in the illustration is commonly known as the lying hamstring stretch. The exercise is performed by lying on the back, lifting one leg up, grasping behind the thigh near the knee with both hands, and pulling the knee toward the chest. The muscles targeted by this stretch are the hamstrings, located in the back of the thigh, and the gluteal muscles, located in the buttocks.
Question 16
16. A high school student decides to change her weekly fitness schedule and increase her strength-training sessions from two times per week to three or four times per week. This modification to the student's fitness routine is likely to be safe and appropriate to implement, as long as the student:
- performs strength training on the same days she cycles or runs to promote optimal muscular development.
- takes at least one day off between strength-training sessions to allow muscles to rest and repair.
- increases the duration of the strength-training sessions over the course of a week.
- decreases the number of repetitions performed during the strength-training sessions over the course of a week.
Answer to question 16
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0011) To allow the body to build muscle tissue, rest and recovery after workouts is essential. In addition to adequate sleep each night, adequate rest time between weight-training workouts is necessary. Rest is physically necessary to repair muscles that may have experienced tiny tears during workouts, and muscles actually become stronger in the time between workouts (as opposed to during the workouts themselves). Furthermore, many fitness experts recommend avoiding weight training on consecutive days, even when targeting different muscle groups.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0011) To allow the body to build muscle tissue, rest and recovery after workouts is essential. In addition to adequate sleep each night, adequate rest time between weight-training workouts is necessary. Rest is physically necessary to repair muscles that may have experienced tiny tears during workouts, and muscles actually become stronger in the time between workouts (as opposed to during the workouts themselves). Furthermore, many fitness experts recommend avoiding weight training on consecutive days, even when targeting different muscle groups.
Question 17
17. Which of the following lifestyle components promotes health benefits such as repair of body tissues and nerve cells, replenishment of the immune system, and integration and organization of memory?
- adequate sleep
- anaerobic exercise
- adequate intake of fiber
- regular exposure to sunlight
Answer to question 17
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0012) During sleep, many processes vital to health, performance, and well-being take place. A good night's sleep can help lower blood pressure and elevated levels of stress hormones, and leave one feeling rejuvenated and refreshed. Hormones that regulate growth, energy, and metabolism, such as melatonin, are released. Sleep allows the brain to organize and correlate memories and to process new experiences and knowledge, which increases one's understanding and retention. The body also produces extra protein molecules that help strengthen one's ability to fight infection and stay healthy. These molecules help the immune system mend the body at a cellular level in case of stress or exposure to pollutants or infectious bacteria. Sleep also allows for the repair and renewal of body tissue, nerve cells, and essential biochemicals.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0012) During sleep, many processes vital to health, performance, and well-being take place. A good night's sleep can help lower blood pressure and elevated levels of stress hormones, and leave one feeling rejuvenated and refreshed. Hormones that regulate growth, energy, and metabolism, such as melatonin, are released. Sleep allows the brain to organize and correlate memories and to process new experiences and knowledge, which increases one's understanding and retention. The body also produces extra protein molecules that help strengthen one's ability to fight infection and stay healthy. These molecules help the immune system mend the body at a cellular level in case of stress or exposure to pollutants or infectious bacteria. Sleep also allows for the repair and renewal of body tissue, nerve cells, and essential biochemicals.
Question 18
18. An adequate dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, and iron is essential during adolescence, primarily because of the role these nutrients play in:
- supporting bone growth and development of lean muscle mass.
- stimulating the neural connections needed for nervous system functioning.
- maintaining electrolyte balance and energy metabolism.
- activating the immune system to produce antibodies in response to pathogens.
Answer to question 18
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0012) Some studies estimate that during the years of rapid adolescent growth, 40 percent of total lifetime bone mass is accumulated. Calcium and vitamin D are particularly important in building and strengthening bone mass and iron is particularly important for supporting the lean muscle growth and increased blood volume that accompanies adolescence.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0012) Some studies estimate that during the years of rapid adolescent growth, 40 percent of total lifetime bone mass is accumulated. Calcium and vitamin D are particularly important in building and strengthening bone mass and iron is particularly important for supporting the lean muscle growth and increased blood volume that accompanies adolescence.
Question 19
19. Regular exercise used to improve the ratio of lean body tissue to fat tissue results in which of the following beneficial adaptations in the body?
- a greater retention of minerals and water-soluble vitamins
- a reduced dietary need for amino acids from protein sources
- a higher metabolism, which burns more calories at rest
- a decreased appetite, which eliminates the need for carbohydrates for energy
Answer to question 19
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0012) Muscle tissue has a higher metabolic rate than fat tissue. As a result, improving body composition by decreasing the body's proportion of fat tissue and increasing the body's proportion of muscle tissue results in an increase in the body's metabolic rate. More muscle mass means a higher metabolism, which leads to more calories burned each day, including more calories burned at rest. Maintaining a healthy amount of lean muscle mass contributes to weight management and an optimal body composition, and helps keep the body functioning efficiently.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0012) Muscle tissue has a higher metabolic rate than fat tissue. As a result, improving body composition by decreasing the body's proportion of fat tissue and increasing the body's proportion of muscle tissue results in an increase in the body's metabolic rate. More muscle mass means a higher metabolism, which leads to more calories burned each day, including more calories burned at rest. Maintaining a healthy amount of lean muscle mass contributes to weight management and an optimal body composition, and helps keep the body functioning efficiently.
Question 20
20. Foods from protein sources are especially important in the diets of growing children because dietary protein:
- delivers vitamins, minerals, and trace elements to growth plates in bones, allowing bones to lengthen.
- activates the release of fatty acids into the bloodstream, which muscles then draw on for energy.
- deposits glucose into the bloodstream, which is then transported to the liver to store for future activity.
- breaks down into the amino acids needed for the synthesis of muscle tissue, hormones, and antibodies.
Answer to question 20
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0012) Proteins are essential for building and repairing muscles. They work at the cellular level and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Proteins such as actin provide structure and support for cells. Hormonal proteins, like insulin and oxytocin, play vital roles such as controlling blood sugar concentration. Antibody proteins bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0012) Proteins are essential for building and repairing muscles. They work at the cellular level and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Proteins such as actin provide structure and support for cells. Hormonal proteins, like insulin and oxytocin, play vital roles such as controlling blood sugar concentration. Antibody proteins bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body.
Question 21
21. A local business that manufactures athletic equipment contacts a high school physical education teacher to discuss ways that the company could promote its products. In which of the following ways could the teacher best use a partnership with the company to create physical education opportunities for the students?
- accepting donations or loans of sports equipment from the company in exchange for a public acknowledgement of their generosity
- inviting a representative from the company to the school to give a demonstration and marketing presentation on their sports equipment
- arranging to take physical education students on tours of the company's manufacturing plant to learn how sports equipment is produced
- asking the company to sponsor the half-time entertainment show at the school's varsity sports home games
Answer to question 21
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0013) In this situation, the teacher could best use a partnership with the company to obtain donated physical education resources for students in exchange for public recognition and promotion of the company's generosity. Such a partnership would likely benefit the school, the physical education program, and individual students by providing much-needed sports, fitness, and recreation equipment and gear. The company benefits by creating goodwill and positive public relations when the school promotes the partnership in the school community (e.g., through the school Web site or newsletter, announcements at high school games or intramural events, messages on the communication board in front of a school). Donation of athletic equipment helps support healthy communities and makes fitness activities more accessible to students.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0013) In this situation, the teacher could best use a partnership with the company to obtain donated physical education resources for students in exchange for public recognition and promotion of the company's generosity. Such a partnership would likely benefit the school, the physical education program, and individual students by providing much-needed sports, fitness, and recreation equipment and gear. The company benefits by creating goodwill and positive public relations when the school promotes the partnership in the school community (e.g., through the school Web site or newsletter, announcements at high school games or intramural events, messages on the communication board in front of a school). Donation of athletic equipment helps support healthy communities and makes fitness activities more accessible to students.
Question 22
22. During a field trip to a bowling alley, a physical education teacher coaches students on technique as they bowl. One student asks why the balls seem to slow down on their way down the lanes. The teacher explains that this is due to friction—as a bowling ball travels down the lane, the friction between the ball and the boards decreases the ball's momentum. The teacher also notes that the bowling pins are designed to have a low center of gravity, which makes them more stable. The teacher adds that when a bowling ball collides with the pins, momentum is conserved. This scenario is particularly effective in illustrating the way in which:
- instruction in biomechanical principles can help improve students' form and technique.
- a physical activity can be used to increase students' awareness of scientific concepts.
- communication between participants in a physical activity enhances collaboration.
- sports movements can be described and measured in mathematical terms.
Answer to question 22
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0013) Science, specifically physics, includes the study of the movement of objects and bodies. Several basic physics principles apply to the sport of bowling. A bowling ball thrown down a lane will slow down over its course because of friction. The magnitude of the friction between the bowling ball and the lane depends on what the surface is made of and the amount, if any, of oil on the lane, and the mass of the ball. Bowling pins have a low center of gravity due to their shape, which makes them more stable. The momentum of a bowling ball as it travels down a lane is the product of its mass and velocity. In collisions involving hard bodies, such as between a bowling ball and pins, momentum is conserved, though some is transferred from the bowling ball to the pins.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0013) Science, specifically physics, includes the study of the movement of objects and bodies. Several basic physics principles apply to the sport of bowling. A bowling ball thrown down a lane will slow down over its course because of friction. The magnitude of the friction between the bowling ball and the lane depends on what the surface is made of and the amount, if any, of oil on the lane, and the mass of the ball. Bowling pins have a low center of gravity due to their shape, which makes them more stable. The momentum of a bowling ball as it travels down a lane is the product of its mass and velocity. In collisions involving hard bodies, such as between a bowling ball and pins, momentum is conserved, though some is transferred from the bowling ball to the pins.
Question 23
23. School physical education programs facing budget cuts could most appropriately offer students additional activities in which of the following ways?
- by encouraging students' families to supplement physical education programs with financial contributions, volunteerism, or donations of supplies and equipment
- by asking vendors of physical education equipment and supplies to make free presentations, demonstrations, and trial-use periods on new products available to schools
- by establishing partnerships with universities and sport, recreation, and fitness organizations that could sponsor health and fitness programs and provide equipment and instruction to schools
- by requesting that school administrators and sports directors reallocate some funds raised through athletic program fees and booster club fund-raisers to physical education programs
Answer to question 23
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0013) Physical education programs are often challenged by budget cuts. One important strategy that physical educators can use to counteract this trend is to link students with opportunities for physical activity via partnerships. Local colleges and universities and community or regional businesses and organizations may be able to provide needed equipment and facilities, specialized instruction, field trips, after-school programs, etc. Sometimes these partnerships can be initiated in conjunction with federal, state, community, or private grants aimed at reducing obesity and chronic diseases by increasing physical activity. Examples include bike programs in which equipment is donated by cycle shops and other local companies, access to indoor climbing facilities and pools on college campuses and playing fields and gyms owned by corporations, and after-school activity clubs sponsored by community businesses.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0013) Physical education programs are often challenged by budget cuts. One important strategy that physical educators can use to counteract this trend is to link students with opportunities for physical activity via partnerships. Local colleges and universities and community or regional businesses and organizations may be able to provide needed equipment and facilities, specialized instruction, field trips, after-school programs, etc. Sometimes these partnerships can be initiated in conjunction with federal, state, community, or private grants aimed at reducing obesity and chronic diseases by increasing physical activity. Examples include bike programs in which equipment is donated by cycle shops and other local companies, access to indoor climbing facilities and pools on college campuses and playing fields and gyms owned by corporations, and after-school activity clubs sponsored by community businesses.
Question 24
24. Adolescents who value and participate daily in physical activity are likely to be more successful in maintaining mental and emotional health than inactive peers, primarily because this type of lifestyle:
- decreases stress and enhances body image.
- increases social status and prestige between peers.
- plays a key role in the development of a self-identity distinct from family.
- is essential for developing the resiliency needed to rebound from failure and loss.
Answer to question 24
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0013) One of the Healthy People 2020 Objectives is to increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current federal physical activity guidelines. Research supporting this objective emphasizes the role of physical activity in reducing an adolescent's risk of disease, depression, and use of alcohol and other drugs. Light to moderate exercise reduces many types of stress and anxiety because it serves as a diversion from worries and causes the brain to release endorphins, which produce a calming effect. Regular physical activity is essential in maintaining fitness and a healthy body weight, which are key aspects of a healthy body image. Adolescents who are unfit or overweight tend to have poor body images and low self-esteem, which are associated with poor health behavior choices and increased risk for mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0013) One of the Healthy People 2020 Objectives is to increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current federal physical activity guidelines. Research supporting this objective emphasizes the role of physical activity in reducing an adolescent's risk of disease, depression, and use of alcohol and other drugs. Light to moderate exercise reduces many types of stress and anxiety because it serves as a diversion from worries and causes the brain to release endorphins, which produce a calming effect. Regular physical activity is essential in maintaining fitness and a healthy body weight, which are key aspects of a healthy body image. Adolescents who are unfit or overweight tend to have poor body images and low self-esteem, which are associated with poor health behavior choices and increased risk for mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
Question 25
25. Which of the following secondary physical education activities could be used most effectively to integrate physical education and science content knowledge?
- a movement exercise using the boundaries of personal and general space to develop spatial awareness
- a lesson exploring how movement qualities relate to principles of design and use of space
- a movement exercise exploring divergent concepts such as bound and free flow and moving in unison or opposition
- a lesson focusing on the use and importance of warm-up and cool-down sessions
Answer to question 25
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0013) Physical education content is closely aligned with scientific knowledge, specifically in areas related to physiology, anatomy, biology, fitness, and health. Understanding how body systems function and adapt to physical activity contributes directly to the development of students' physical education. For example, science-related knowledge can help students understand how preparing body and energy systems for vigorous physical activity with warm-up sessions (together with subsequent cool-down sessions), may prevent injuries and soreness, enable more efficient movement and training activities, and help maintain a healthy body composition.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0013) Physical education content is closely aligned with scientific knowledge, specifically in areas related to physiology, anatomy, biology, fitness, and health. Understanding how body systems function and adapt to physical activity contributes directly to the development of students' physical education. For example, science-related knowledge can help students understand how preparing body and energy systems for vigorous physical activity with warm-up sessions (together with subsequent cool-down sessions), may prevent injuries and soreness, enable more efficient movement and training activities, and help maintain a healthy body composition.
Question 26
26. A physical education program for sixth-grade students includes a few students who have been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. These students are most likely to experience success in physical education classes that:
- offer many entry points and flexibility in relation to activities, equipment, and choice of partners or groups with whom to work.
- involve social and physical interactions with other students in an energetic and aurally and visually stimulating environment.
- include the use of detailed verbal directions and explanations rather than physical demonstrations and visual aids.
- are highly structured, follow a predictable and familiar routine, and involve a minimum number of complex prompts.
Answer to question 26
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0014) Asperger syndrome shares some of the same characteristics as autism spectrum disorder; students with Asperger syndrome usually possess average to above average intelligence and often exhibit a qualitative impairment in social interaction and a resistance to change. They may be hypersensitive to some stimuli and may have difficulty understanding complex language and following directions. Students with Asperger syndrome tend to be most successful in educational settings that feature predictable, structured routines and activities; clear and straightforward expectations and instructions; and demonstrations and visual examples of what is expected.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0014) Asperger syndrome shares some of the same characteristics as autism spectrum disorder; students with Asperger syndrome usually possess average to above average intelligence and often exhibit a qualitative impairment in social interaction and a resistance to change. They may be hypersensitive to some stimuli and may have difficulty understanding complex language and following directions. Students with Asperger syndrome tend to be most successful in educational settings that feature predictable, structured routines and activities; clear and straightforward expectations and instructions; and demonstrations and visual examples of what is expected.
Question 27
27. In a physical education class, the teacher divides the class into teams of six or seven students to play "Knots." To begin the game, each team forms a circle. The teacher asks each student to hold the hands of two different players in his or her circle. Players cannot hold both hands of the same player, nor can they hold the hand of a player next to them. When ready, the teacher tells students to hang on and begin unraveling their knot. Players are not allowed to let go of hands until the game is finished. When the knots are untangled, students should be in a circle with hands joined. Players can face in or out and two intertwined circles may be formed. This activity is particularly well suited to promoting students':
- flexibility and agility skills.
- understanding of group dynamics.
- critical-thinking and problem-solving skills.
- understanding of the procedures for reaching consensus.
Answer to question 27
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0014) The game of Knots is especially well suited to fostering students' critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. Although the activity is likely to have multiple solutions, the students on each team must collaborate and communicate about potential unraveling methods and solutions throughout the activity. Students must twist and turn their bodies, and duck under or step over joined hands while discussing solution strategies and maintaining their circle with joined hands. Because the players are in a circle, teammates typically make suggestions and help the players facing them. Movement strategies are tried out and ongoing group decisions are made about next steps, based on whether the strategies help group members make progress toward their common goal.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0014) The game of Knots is especially well suited to fostering students' critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. Although the activity is likely to have multiple solutions, the students on each team must collaborate and communicate about potential unraveling methods and solutions throughout the activity. Students must twist and turn their bodies, and duck under or step over joined hands while discussing solution strategies and maintaining their circle with joined hands. Because the players are in a circle, teammates typically make suggestions and help the players facing them. Movement strategies are tried out and ongoing group decisions are made about next steps, based on whether the strategies help group members make progress toward their common goal.
Question 28
28. Rubrics consisting of performance standards and criteria that are used to evaluate students in the context of a group physical activity or game are key features of:
- attitude inventories.
- criterion-referenced fitness testing.
- authentic assessment.
- standardized tests of motor performance.
Answer to question 28
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0014) An authentic assessment usually includes a task for students to perform and a rubric by which their performances on the task will be evaluated. In physical education, teachers typically use rubrics—made up of performance standards or other criteria that match specific instructional objectives—to evaluate students' ability to demonstrate or apply specific skills and knowledge they have learned and practiced. Teachers can create or adapt skills rubrics or use ready-made rubrics to assess students' meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills in authentic performance settings (e.g., in cooperative activities, lead-up games, sports).
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0014) An authentic assessment usually includes a task for students to perform and a rubric by which their performances on the task will be evaluated. In physical education, teachers typically use rubrics—made up of performance standards or other criteria that match specific instructional objectives—to evaluate students' ability to demonstrate or apply specific skills and knowledge they have learned and practiced. Teachers can create or adapt skills rubrics or use ready-made rubrics to assess students' meaningful application of essential knowledge and skills in authentic performance settings (e.g., in cooperative activities, lead-up games, sports).
Question 29
29. Which of the following phrases best describes the primary purpose of providing students with individualized physical education assessment information and explanations regarding these results?
- to allow students to analyze, reflect upon, and improve their learning
- to guide students' families in determining the physical education content that students are responsible for learning
- to allow students to compare their skill and knowledge level to that of peers
- to guide teachers in designing new instructional and assessment activities that address the learning style favored by most students
Answer to question 29
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0014) According to NASPE's Standards-Based Assessment of Student Learning: A Comprehensive Approach, assessment results should be used by students to analyze and reflect on their learning, and if assessment information cannot be used to enhance learning, it should be re-evaluated. With help from teachers, students can use individualized feedback in the form of assessment results in meaningful ways: to evaluate their current level of knowledge, skills, and fitness; to make a plan for improvement; to refine their performance and learning; and to track their progress in attaining individual goals.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0014) According to NASPE's Standards-Based Assessment of Student Learning: A Comprehensive Approach, assessment results should be used by students to analyze and reflect on their learning, and if assessment information cannot be used to enhance learning, it should be re-evaluated. With help from teachers, students can use individualized feedback in the form of assessment results in meaningful ways: to evaluate their current level of knowledge, skills, and fitness; to make a plan for improvement; to refine their performance and learning; and to track their progress in attaining individual goals.
Question 30
30. In a middle school physical education class, students practice beginner tennis overhand serves with partners. One student who has some motor control challenges exhibits difficulty coordinating the toss of the ball and the reach and swing of the arm and racket to contact the tossed ball. The student, who has demonstrated good striking skills during other racket activities, continues to have difficulty serving following some individualized instruction. Which of the following modifications is likely to be most appropriate for maximizing this student's participation in tennis games that include serving?
- giving the student a slightly heavier racket with a larger face to try
- allowing the student to bounce the ball on the serve
- giving the student larger, low-bounce foam balls to use when serving
- allowing the student to rotate out when it is the student's turn to serve
Answer to question 30
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0014) To ensure the inclusion of students with disabilities or exceptionalities, teachers must remove barriers from participation and modify activities so that students are educated with peers to the maximum extent possible. Since the student has demonstrated good striking skills during lead-up activities and would most likely benefit from maximum participation with other students in game-like situations, an appropriate game modification is to allow the student to bounce the ball on the serve. This strategy would allow the student to have more control over the timing and coordination of the serve.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0014) To ensure the inclusion of students with disabilities or exceptionalities, teachers must remove barriers from participation and modify activities so that students are educated with peers to the maximum extent possible. Since the student has demonstrated good striking skills during lead-up activities and would most likely benefit from maximum participation with other students in game-like situations, an appropriate game modification is to allow the student to bounce the ball on the serve. This strategy would allow the student to have more control over the timing and coordination of the serve.
Question 31
31. A middle school physical education teacher plans the student activities listed below as part of a new fitness unit of study.
- comparing new terminology with related terminology from previous units
- developing nonverbal representations (e.g., charts, illustrations) of new terminology
- classifying new terminology according to specific criteria
- generating analogies with new terminology
These activities are likely to promote students' reading comprehension related to this unit primarily in which of the following ways?
- by providing the students with strategies for determining the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary as they read
- by broadening the students' understanding of new vocabulary words and their associated concepts
- by teaching the students how to use structural analysis as a strategy for building domain-specific vocabulary
- by promoting the students' ability to decode and spell new vocabulary words accurately
Answer to question 31
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0015) Vocabulary knowledge is both a key indicator and predictor of reading comprehension ability. Vocabulary knowledge and concept development are closely interrelated; discipline-specific vocabulary development involves concept learning and concept learning supports academic language development, including knowledge of content-specific terminology. Vocabulary development is an incremental process; more exposure to new terminology and opportunities to use it in context result in greater depth of understanding. The instructional activities used by the teacher provide students with multiple opportunities to use the terminology from a new unit of study in context, thus promoting the students' vocabulary development and strengthening their understanding of related concepts.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0015) Vocabulary knowledge is both a key indicator and predictor of reading comprehension ability. Vocabulary knowledge and concept development are closely interrelated; discipline-specific vocabulary development involves concept learning and concept learning supports academic language development, including knowledge of content-specific terminology. Vocabulary development is an incremental process; more exposure to new terminology and opportunities to use it in context result in greater depth of understanding. The instructional activities used by the teacher provide students with multiple opportunities to use the terminology from a new unit of study in context, thus promoting the students' vocabulary development and strengthening their understanding of related concepts.
Question 32
32. During a physical fitness unit, the physical education teacher assigns fitness-related articles to students as reading homework, which the class then discusses during cooldowns. Some students in the class are English language learners or struggling readers who lack the basic reading skills necessary to fully comprehend the assigned readings. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to scaffold the reading comprehension of these students?
- providing the students with oral previews of the content of the articles and noting key vocabulary and concepts on a white board
- having the students carry out their own physical fitness-related research using online resources and report their findings in class
- teaching the students the basic reading skills they lack and reviewing key skills before the reading assignments
- substituting lower-level physical fitness-related articles for the students' reading assignments
Answer to question 32
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0015) Teachers need to provide scaffolding to English language learners and struggling readers who lack the basic reading skills necessary to comprehend assigned content-area readings. An oral preview of the key concepts covered in a class reading assignment provides scaffolding by activating students' prior knowledge related to a text and building needed vocabulary and background knowledge required to make inferences and repair comprehension during reading. Writing notes on a white board during the oral preview both reinforces the new concepts and vocabulary and helps students become familiar with how these elements will appear in print.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0015) Teachers need to provide scaffolding to English language learners and struggling readers who lack the basic reading skills necessary to comprehend assigned content-area readings. An oral preview of the key concepts covered in a class reading assignment provides scaffolding by activating students' prior knowledge related to a text and building needed vocabulary and background knowledge required to make inferences and repair comprehension during reading. Writing notes on a white board during the oral preview both reinforces the new concepts and vocabulary and helps students become familiar with how these elements will appear in print.
Question 33
33. A physical education teacher notices that many students forget or begin confusing new content-specific vocabulary shortly after a skills-based unit and assessment. Which of the following instructional strategies would be most effective in promoting the students' understanding and retention of new vocabulary that has been explicitly taught?
- teaching the students how to use independent word-learning strategies to determine the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary
- providing the students with repeated exposure to new vocabulary and opportunities to use it in context
- promoting the students' recognition of discipline-specific language structures and functions
- improving the students' word-identification skills and oral reading fluency using grade-level content-area word lists
Answer to question 33
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0015) Vocabulary knowledge and concept development are closely interrelated; discipline-specific vocabulary development involves concept learning and concept learning supports academic vocabulary development. Because vocabulary development is an incremental process, more exposure to new vocabulary and more opportunities to use it in conceptually meaningful contexts result in greater depth of understanding and improved retention.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0015) Vocabulary knowledge and concept development are closely interrelated; discipline-specific vocabulary development involves concept learning and concept learning supports academic vocabulary development. Because vocabulary development is an incremental process, more exposure to new vocabulary and more opportunities to use it in conceptually meaningful contexts result in greater depth of understanding and improved retention.
Question 34
34. Helping students learn how to reflect on, monitor, and regulate their own thinking processes supports their content-area reading primarily by improving their ability to:
- apply comprehension strategies when reading content-area articles and texts.
- read content-area articles and texts accurately and at an appropriate rate.
- deconstruct the syntax of complex sentences found in content-area articles and texts.
- determine the meaning of unfamiliar multisyllabic words in content-area articles and texts.
Answer to question 34
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0015) There are a variety of comprehension strategies that can be used before, during, and/or after reading. For students to be able to select and adapt the right strategy for a particular text or reading situation, they need to use metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control; that is, they need to be aware of how they are thinking and learning as they read and be able to adapt their learning approaches as necessary.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0015) There are a variety of comprehension strategies that can be used before, during, and/or after reading. For students to be able to select and adapt the right strategy for a particular text or reading situation, they need to use metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control; that is, they need to be aware of how they are thinking and learning as they read and be able to adapt their learning approaches as necessary.
Question 35
35. A physical education informational text uses many signal or transition words and phrases such as in the same way, likewise, in similar fashion, nonetheless, however, though, and on the other hand. These transition words suggest that the text is most likely organized according to which of the following text structures?
- descriptive
- cause/effect
- sequential
- comparison/contrast
Answer to question 35
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: D. (Objective 0015) Authors use transition words and phrases to link key ideas in a text. Transitions help establish cohesion and coherence in written discourse, which help readers follow the text's argument and/or logic. Learning to recognize the transition words and phrases that signal a particular text structure is a powerful comprehension tool for students. The transitions in the same way, likewise, and in similar fashion all indicate comparison, while nonetheless, however, though, and on the other hand indicate contrast; thus, a text that includes all these transition words and phrases would follow a comparison/contrast text structure.
Correct Response: D. (Objective 0015) Authors use transition words and phrases to link key ideas in a text. Transitions help establish cohesion and coherence in written discourse, which help readers follow the text's argument and/or logic. Learning to recognize the transition words and phrases that signal a particular text structure is a powerful comprehension tool for students. The transitions in the same way, likewise, and in similar fashion all indicate comparison, while nonetheless, however, though, and on the other hand indicate contrast; thus, a text that includes all these transition words and phrases would follow a comparison/contrast text structure.
Question 36
36. In general, which of the following communication strategies should an elementary school physical education teacher use to minimize inappropriate behavior in the physical education environment?
- avoiding singling out individual students who demonstrate inappropriate behavior by addressing the whole class about the inappropriate behavior
- establishing a few clear rules for behavior and stating them in positive terms (e.g., saying "Always wait your turn" rather than "Don't cut in line")
- maintaining a running dialogue with students during class about topics such as cooperation, fair play, and game and sports etiquette
- using generalized positive feedback whenever possible (e.g., saying "Way to go!" and "You're doing great!")
Answer to question 36
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: B. (Objective 0016) At the elementary level, establishing a limited number of clear, succinct rules for behavior and stating them in positive terms is likely to be effective in setting the stage for good student behavior because it communicates the teacher's expectations in a simple, straightforward way. Students are more likely to remember a few simple rules, especially when they are involved in creating or discussing the rules. Avoiding negative examples of behavior eliminates the possibility of unintentionally communicating undesirable behavioral images to students.
Correct Response: B. (Objective 0016) At the elementary level, establishing a limited number of clear, succinct rules for behavior and stating them in positive terms is likely to be effective in setting the stage for good student behavior because it communicates the teacher's expectations in a simple, straightforward way. Students are more likely to remember a few simple rules, especially when they are involved in creating or discussing the rules. Avoiding negative examples of behavior eliminates the possibility of unintentionally communicating undesirable behavioral images to students.
Question 37
37. Which of the following statements best explains why it is generally recommended that rescuers use CPR rather than AEDA E D procedures first when administering emergency care to a child who is unresponsive?
- Most cardiac emergencies in children are caused by lack of oxygen rather than a sudden heart rhythm abnormality.
- A child's heart is unlikely to withstand the shock delivered by an AEDA E D , even at a reduced dose.
- Children in distress often exhibit minimal breathing patterns and weak pulses that are undetectable, and CPR does no further harm.
- CPR is generally more effective than AEDA E D in all emergency cases involving the need to restart the heart.
Answer to question 37
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0016) The American Heart Association recommends that in addition to contacting emergency medical services, rescuers administer several cycles of CPR to a child who is not breathing and has no pulse. Because children are more likely than adults to experience life-threatening emergencies as a result of respiratory problems rather than ventricular fibrillation, it is thought that the best results are obtained using CPR, at least during initial rescue efforts.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0016) The American Heart Association recommends that in addition to contacting emergency medical services, rescuers administer several cycles of CPR to a child who is not breathing and has no pulse. Because children are more likely than adults to experience life-threatening emergencies as a result of respiratory problems rather than ventricular fibrillation, it is thought that the best results are obtained using CPR, at least during initial rescue efforts.
Question 38
38. According to the federal law known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA I D E A ), removing a child with a disability from the general physical education environment should occur only only under which of the following circumstances?
- when the nature or severity of the disability is such that learning in the regular education setting, with the use of supplementary aids and services, cannot be achieved satisfactorily.
- when specially designed physical education services are prescribed and adapted physical education goals and objectives are included in a child's Individualized Education Plan (IEP I E P ).
- when the disability is a health impairment that may make other students in the least restrictive environment substantially uncomfortable or that may have an impact on their learning.
- when the child's comprehensive score is 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on a norm-referenced test, or at least two years below age level on a criterion-referenced test of physical and motor fitness.
Answer to question 38
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: A. (Objective 0016) Federal legislation, specifically the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, considers students eligible for special education, including physical education, if they are identified as having one of the specific disabilities named in the law. The law also states that students with disabilities must be educated in the least restrictive environment, typically considered to be the general education setting with peers. The law further mandates that removing a student with disabilities from this least restrictive environment should occur only if the nature or severity of the student's disability is such that education in a regular class with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily.
Correct Response: A. (Objective 0016) Federal legislation, specifically the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, considers students eligible for special education, including physical education, if they are identified as having one of the specific disabilities named in the law. The law also states that students with disabilities must be educated in the least restrictive environment, typically considered to be the general education setting with peers. The law further mandates that removing a student with disabilities from this least restrictive environment should occur only if the nature or severity of the student's disability is such that education in a regular class with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily.
Question 39
39. A physical education teacher learns that a student was allegedly bullied by two classmates in the locker room while students were changing after a physical education class. The teacher reports the incident to the school principal, who takes action in accordance with the school's anti-bullying policy. The teacher plans to address the issue of bullying in a general way in upcoming classes. Which of the following topics is most important for the teacher to present in light of the recent incident?
- causes and circumstances that contribute to the development of bullying as a learned behavior
- the distinctions between the different types of bullying (e.g., physical, verbal, emotional, cyber)
- ways in which individuals who witness bullying can safely intervene to stop or minimize bullying and its effects
- the differences between tattling and reporting and how talking to trusted adults can help alleviate feelings of helplessness
Answer to question 39
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0016) In this situation, the physical education teacher has a responsibility to discuss with students appropriate and ethical ways to respond to a bullying situation they may witness or encounter, such as in a locker room. The teacher should encourage students to become active bystanders and step in and try to stop bullying if they feel it is safe to do so, or to leave and get help from an adult. Intervention strategies could be rehearsed or role-played in class. For example, a student can speak out and ask others to support or join him or her in standing up to a bully, or students could escort a victim of bullying to a safe place.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0016) In this situation, the physical education teacher has a responsibility to discuss with students appropriate and ethical ways to respond to a bullying situation they may witness or encounter, such as in a locker room. The teacher should encourage students to become active bystanders and step in and try to stop bullying if they feel it is safe to do so, or to leave and get help from an adult. Intervention strategies could be rehearsed or role-played in class. For example, a student can speak out and ask others to support or join him or her in standing up to a bully, or students could escort a victim of bullying to a safe place.
Question 40
40. A physical education teacher is a member of a multidisciplinary team that is meeting to consider a request for assistive technology from the family of an elementary school physical education student with an Individualized Education Program (IEP I, E, P, ) who has a motor impairment. In this situation, which of the following questions is most important for the physical education teacher and the team to consider first?
- What assistive technology device generally supports student learning equally in the physical, cognitive, and affective domains?
- Are there any recently-invented assistive technology devices that would address the type of impairment identified in the student's IEP I, E, P, ?
- What type of assistive technology is necessary to allow the student to achieve the educational goals outlined in the student's IEP I, E, P, ?
- Is there a "low-tech" alternative to a "high-tech" type of assistive technology that will assist the student but require little or no specialized training?
Answer to question 40
- Answer Enter to expand or collapse answer. Answer expanded
- Correct Response: C. (Objective 0016) In determining the need for assistive technology, the multidisciplinary team should analyze the information available to them about the student, the environments in which the student functions, the tasks that are required within each environment, and any tools that are currently being used. An assistive technology or device is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a student with a disability, and should be used to support the student in achieving the educational tasks and goals included in the student's IEP I, E, P, . According to the federal IDEA I, D, E, A, law, there must be a relationship between the educational needs of the student and the assistive technology device or service and the device or service specified in the IEP I, E, P, should be provided to the student at no cost.
Correct Response: C. (Objective 0016) In determining the need for assistive technology, the multidisciplinary team should analyze the information available to them about the student, the environments in which the student functions, the tasks that are required within each environment, and any tools that are currently being used. An assistive technology or device is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a student with a disability, and should be used to support the student in achieving the educational tasks and goals included in the student's I, E, P. According to the federal I, D, E, A, law, there must be a relationship between the educational needs of the student and the assistive technology device or service and the device or service specified in the I, E, P, should be provided to the student at no cost.